What Has the Chinese Government Done to Control Its Huge Amount of Population Effectively?

What has the Chinese government done to control its huge amount of population effectively?
There are 6 billion people live on this planet and more than one fifth of them are Chinese. The current situation of Chinese population is that about one billion Chinese still living on traditional agriculture, and most Chinese live in the east part of China. The population is a very serious problem for China, although the birth rate in China has been reduced, however, because of the huge population, the net increase per year is still about 20 million, equal to the whole population of Australia.( http://www.chinapop.gov.cn/population/population_detail.asp?populationID=1534) However, Chinese population did not always increase fast. About 2000BC, the population in China already achieved 13 million, but it increased very slowly during the next thousand years. It took 4000 years for China's population to reach 100 million, but when China went in to the 20th century, the Chinese population increased nearly six times that number. (http://www.cpirc.org.cn/5cendata12.htm )
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