Biotechnology is the use of biological processes to exploit and manipulate living organisms and biological systems to develop or manufacture a product that is a solution to a problem.
An enzyme is a protein, which is able to catalyse biochemical reactions. Reactions need to exceed their activation energy in order to take place. Enzymes reduce the need for activation energy and so allow reactions to take place more readily. An advantage of using enzymes in biotechnology is that we can manufacture enzymes with specific properties or characteristics that are essential in a particular problem
The problem with carrying out enzyme-catalysed reactions with the enzyme in the solution is that it leads to enzymes going to waste. There was also difficulty in removing the enzymes from the end products and even more difficulties when purifying the recovered enzyme so that it can be used again. The answer to this problem is enzyme immobilisation. …
