As an art historical term, "modern" refers to a period dating from roughly the 1860s through the 1970s and is used to describe the style and the ideology of art produced during that era. It is this more specific use of modern that is intended when people speak of modern art. The term "modernism" is also used to refer to the art of the modern period. More specifically, "modernism" can be thought of as referring to the philosophy of modern art.
After observing the different works of literature, painting, sculpture, and architecture through chapters 20 and 21, it's paramount that the thoughts that the artists and writers used to expressed their self were less strict than every before. Self expression flourished like wild flowers. By showing people that it was acceptably to do what you wanted and not what society wanted gave the artists and writers full range when it came to developing their work.
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