The study of intelligence has historically been dominated by the psychometric view, according to Spearman, this view was perpetuated through increasingly sophisticated methods of measuring and analyzing data of intelligence. Gardner's views became disenchanted with the traditional, psychometric theories of intelligence. One major issue which seemed to remain elusive to these scientists, was that of differential success at activities valued by our culture. For example, how is it that an individual's score on a traditional intelligence test could be blandly average, yet that same individual could excel in artistic expression or in the kinesthetic interpretation. (www.admin.vmi.edu).
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