Traditionally, philosophy has distinguished between two methods of reasoning: deductive logic and inductive logic. Together, these two forms of inference comprise what is known as the scientific method. In deductive reasoning, we draw a certain conclusion that must necessarily follow from known facts stated in the premises. In inductive reasoning, we derive a probable conclusion from our general observation of diverse facts. Thus, deduction and induction are two different processes of logical reasoning with different levels of conclusiveness. Logic is a language for reasoning. It is a collection of rules we use when doing logical reasoning. Human reasoning has been observed over centuries from at least the times of Greeks, and patterns appearing in reasoning have been extracted, abstracted, and streamlined. In logic we are interested in true or false of statements, and how the truth/falsehood of a statement can be determined from other statements.…
