Which system is superior? The groundbreaking question raised by Kaare Strøm (p. 282) is the core issue of the reaction paper for this seminar. To answer this question, we need to take into consideration institutional and functional varieties, moreover, the two concepts – delegation and accountability. My proposed thesis is following: the advantages of presidential democracy emphasizes that the weaknesses of parliamentary democracy should not be underestimated. I will prove it with two arguments. First, in the last years some studies have been devoted to the executive’s and president’s role in agency creation. Most of the studies have focused on the influence of the president versus Congress or other elite-level actors. As Moe and Wilson argue presidents can ostensibly politicize the bureaucracy toward their policy goals against a relatively structurally weak legislative branch (1994). …
