Add Papers Marked0
Paper checked off!

Marked works

Viewed0

Viewed works

Shopping Cart0
Paper added to shopping cart!

Shopping Cart

Register Now

internet library
Atlants.lv library
FAQ
3,99 € Add to cart
Add to Wish List
Want cheaper?
ID number:151982
 
Evaluation:
Published: 27.02.2003.
Language: English
Level: Secondary school
Literature: 3 units
References: Not used
Table of contents
Nr. Chapter  Page.
  Classical management theory    3
  Classical organization theory    6
  Modern Approaches to management theory    9
  Menedžmenta salīdzinājums un izmantošana mūsdienās    13
  Izmantotā literatūra    15
Extract

Classical management theory is a label applied to the beliefs about management that emerged during the early year of this century - ideas that represent the first well-developed framework of management. Classical management theory actually includes two different approaches to management: scientific management and classical organization theory.

Scientific management
Scientific management, which is concerned with the management of work and workers, grew from the pioneering work of five people:
Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915),
Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924),
Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972),
Henry Gantt (1861-1919),
Harrington Emerson (1853-1931)

Frederick W. Taylor
At the beginning of the twentieth century, there was considerable concern about productivity. Business was expanding and capital was readily available, but labor was in short supply. A primary goal of management was to use existing labor more efficiently. Frederick Taylor was very much interested in developing solutions to this problem.
One of Taylor's first jobs was as a foreman at the Midvale Steel Company in Philadelphia, where he developed a strong dislike for waste and inefficiency. At Midvale he observed what he called "soldiering": Working at less than a normal pace. The reason the employees worked at a reduced pace was that they feared the consequences of working harder; all the work might be completed and they might be laid off. Management was unaware of this practice because it had never analyzed the jobs closely enough to determine what the employees should be producing.
Taylor observed and timed each element of the steel worker's jobs. First he determined what each worker should be producing, and then he designed the most efficient way of doing each part of the overall tasks. Next he implemented an early from of a piece-rate pay system. Rather than paying all employees the same wage, he began increasing the pay of workers who met and exceeded the target level of output set for each job.
Taylor left Midvale and worked for several years as an independent consultant for Simonds Rolling Machine Company and Bethlehem Steel, among others. At Simonds he studied and redesigned jobs, introduced rest periods to reduce fatigue, and converted to a different pay scale. The results were higher quality and quantity of output and improved morale. At Bethlehem Steel, Taylor studied efficient ways of loading and unloading railcars and applied his conclusions with equally impressive results.…

Author's comment
Work pack:
GREAT DEAL buying in a pack your savings −4,98 €
Work pack Nr. 1112767
Load more similar papers

Atlants

Choose Authorization Method

Email & Password

Email & Password

Wrong e-mail adress or password!
Log In

Forgot your password?

Draugiem.pase
Facebook

Not registered yet?

Register and redeem free papers!

To receive free papers from Atlants.com it is necessary to register. It's quick and will only take a few seconds.

If you have already registered, simply to access the free content.

Cancel Register