It is not proven what led to the emergence of the first cities, but various speculations point to different preconditions that could explain cities' production. One of them is agriculture, which helps to maintain production surpluses and generates economies of scale. It is believed that cities began to form after the Neolithic revolution, with the spread of agriculture. As a result of agricultural development, more food was obtained, which provided more densely populated areas. The process of food production made it possible not only to consume it but also to store and sell it, thus supporting the city's development. (Sociology, 2020)
According to cities or urban geography guidelines, cities have two main characteristics - location and situation. The location indicates the city's location, considering physiographic, geological, climatic, and other parameters, such as terrain, rock composition, air temperature, etc. In turn, the situation describes this city's location about other objects or cities, thus positioning its location in space. The situation is described, for example, by different accessibility indicators (distance, time, etc.) or by positioning the city in a socio-economic context. in the room according to appropriate indicators. (Pacione, (2001))
In 1201, the capital of the Republic of Latvia - Riga - was established. It is located on the Daugava River banks, near its entry into the Baltic Sea - the Gulf of Riga. It is the largest administrative and political center in the Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia).
Riga has a history of more than 800 years. However, a large part of its territory had developed when land use was determined administratively based on regulatory enactments rather than based on economic processes taking place in the city. This situation has had a significant impact on the functional structure of the urban area. Nowadays - in market economy conditions - one of the most important factors that determine the geographical location of the specific functional areas of the territory and the intensity of construction is the differences in real estate prices. (Anon., 1986)
